The towns of the South were destroyed.Mecca and Medina relied on Bedouins to keep trade open.Byzantine and Sasanian EmpiresStarted to control the northern edges of ArabiaJudaism and Christianity entered and prophets appeared saying to start to worship one god.Muhammad was bornNew religion from his revelationsFed off influences from the monotheistic religions that had enteredBorn in Quraysh tribe and lived with relatives in a respected clanEducated to be a merchant at young age by his uncleWent on first caravan journey to SyriaAllowed him to see Christian and Jewish faiths, which were very important to his teachings.Д®lements that gave Islam a universal attractionMonotheismLegal CodesEgalitarianismStrong sense of communityFive PillarsConfession of FaithPray 5 times a day facing MeccaFast during RamadanZakatHajj WomenAncestry traced through mothers sideMultiple patners - but expected to have one husbandStill not equal as menMenOnly men could be warriors (the best job around the village)Polygamy allowedPaid dowryД¬ultureArab culture not developedMainly poetry - handed down orally - no writing existedReligionPolytheism and animismSome recognized Allah, but not really paid respectConnected to nature and moralityNot taken seriously Mecca - in the mountains near the Red SeaFounded by the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribeSite of Kaba - made this city importantTrading townMedina - northeast of MeccaA.k.a the city of prophet MuhammadEstablished in oasisTrading town (smaller scale)Controlled by 2 Bedouin and 3 Jewish clans Organization - BedouinDominated most of the dry environmentNomadic herdersKin-related clans formed tribesTribal contact only in war or crisesEnvironment forced people to rely on clans - lifelineLife controlled by councilsshaykhs leaders of the tribe/clanConflictSlightest action could lead to war and revengeThese fights left them weak and venerable Shii Known as Shiites and were a political and theological division within Islam. Muawiya Leader of the Umayyad clan and was the first Umayyad caliph (leader of political order in Islam) after the first civil war with Ali.Sunnis People who thought political and theological division in Islam would be good and supported the Umayyad clan. Murder by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt. Uthman Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan. Abu Bakr Good friend of Muhammad and was named the first caliph.

Ridda Wars that followed the death of Muhammad to get rid of other prophets. Jihad A struggle usually for the defense of the Islamic religion. Zakat Tax for charity that was obligatory for all Muslims. Quran The written account of the revelations the Muhammad received. Important shrine for the Islamic religion. Locates in Mecca and caused a truce at certain parts of the year between clans for praying. Kaba (or kaaba) Most religious shrine in Arabia.

The place where Muhammad stayed while being attacked by the people of Mecca. Medina Town located northeast of Mecca and was considered a rival. Muhammads first home and the major pilgrimage point of the Islam religion. Founded by the Umayyad clan of Quraysh and was the site of Kaba. Mecca City near the mountainous part of the Arabian Peninsula along the Red Sea. These were the people with the most wealth and power in the clans (largest herd, most wives, and most children). Shaykhs Leaders of the tribes and clans of Bedouin society. By Colt Bradley, Arjun Adiha, and Drew HarrelsonД«edouins Nomadic people in the Arabian Peninsula that herded camels and goats for survival.

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